The state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is held at Westminster Abbey, London.
Saint Kitts and Nevis gains its independence.
Scott Fahlman posts the first documented emoticons :-) and :-( on the Carnegie Mellon University bulletin board system.
Michael Eavis hosts the first Glastonbury Festival.
Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan sign the Indus Waters Treaty for the control and management of the Indus, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers.
World War II: The Battle of Hürtgen Forest begins. It will become the second-longest individual battle that the U.S. Army has ever fought.
World War II: The Moscow Armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, which officially ended the Continuation War.
World War II: Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz concentration camp to gather and smuggle out information for the resistance movement.
World War II: The Battle of Kępa Oksywska concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.
World War I: During the East African Campaign, colonial forces of the Belgian Congo (Force Publique) under the command of Charles Tombeur capture the town of Tabora after heavy fighting.
American Civil War: The first day of the Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, the bloodiest two-day battle of the conflict, and the only significant Confederate victory in the war's Western Theater.
French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.
The Continental Congress passes the first United States federal budget.
American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
Siege of Damascus: The Rashidun Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid capture Damascus from the Byzantine Empire.