Gliese 229B is the first Substellar Mass Object to be unquestionably identified.
Turkmenistan achieves independence from the Soviet Union.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
Ronald Reagan delivers a speech on behalf of the Republican candidate for president, Barry Goldwater. The speech launches his political career and comes to be known as "A Time for Choosing".
NASA tests the first Saturn I rocket in Mission Saturn-Apollo 1.
Iskander Mirza, the first President of Pakistan, is deposed by General Ayub Khan, who had been appointed the enforcer of martial law by Mirza 20 days earlier.
Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
World War II: German forces capture Banská Bystrica during Slovak National Uprising thus bringing it to an end.
Ratifications are exchanged in London for the first London Naval Treaty go into effect immediately, further limiting the expensive naval arms race among its five signatories.
World War I: The new British battleship HMS Audacious is sunk by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
The French Army under Napoleon enters Berlin following the Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt.
The United States and Spain sign the Treaty of Madrid, which establishes the boundaries between Spanish colonies and the U.S.
J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56, one of few works he called a cantata.