Ales Bialiatski, along with two organisations, Memorial & Center for Civil Liberties, are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Asteroid 2008 TC3 impacts the Earth over Sudan, the first time an asteroid impact is detected prior to its entry into Earth's atmosphere.
Croatian War of Independence: Bombing of the Banski Dvori in Zagreb, Croatia.
Sikh nationalists declare the independence of Khalistan from India; it is not internationally recognized.
President Kennedy signs the ratification of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
Buddhist crisis: Amid worsening relations, outspoken South Vietnamese First Lady Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu arrives in the US for a speaking tour, continuing a flurry of attacks on the Kennedy administration.
The Soviet probe Luna 3 transmits the first-ever photographs of the far side of the Moon.
World War II: The Sonderkommando Revolt in Auschwitz was an uprising of prisoners (especially the Sonderkommando) at the Auschwitz concentration camp, they burnt down Crematorium IV.
World War II: The McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving vehicle assembly line.
The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
The Granite Railway begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S.
American Revolutionary War: American militia defeat royalist irregulars led by British major Patrick Ferguson at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina, often regarded as the turning point in the war's Southern theater.
American Revolutionary War: The Americans defeat British forces under general John Burgoyne in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights, compelling Burgoyne's eventual surrender.
The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.