Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.
STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.
STS-8: The Space Shuttle Challenger takes off on the first night launch of the shuttle program. Guion Bluford becomes the first African-American in space on this mission.
President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing. The office of Iran's Prosecutor General blames the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Dan was elected to the National Assembly despite soldiers being bussed in to vote for President Ngo Dinh Diem's candidate.
The Allied Control Council, governing Germany after World War II, comes into being.
World War II: The Battle of Alam el Halfa begins.
The Tighina Agreement, a treaty regarding administration issues of the Transnistria Governorate, is signed between Germany and Romania.
The RMS Queen Mary wins the Blue Riband by setting the fastest transatlantic crossing.
Battle of Dumlupınar: The final battle in the Greco-Turkish War (Turkish War of Independence).
World War I: Germans defeat the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg.
Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.
First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.