The Australian Capital Territory becomes the first Australian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage with the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013.
India launches its first uncrewed lunar probe mission Chandrayaan-1.
Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he does not accept the prize.
Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nat...
World War II: In the second firestorm raid on Germany, the British Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife.
Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb; the bulb lasted 131⁄2 hours before burning out.
Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.
André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Paris.
Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign.
American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira.
J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele (Adorn yourself, O dear soul) in Leipzig on the 20th Sunday after Trinity, based on the communion hymn of the same name.
The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.
Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.
Japanese Emperor Kanmu relocates his empire's capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).