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On This Day

February 23

YEAR 2025

A snap election is held in Germany.

A snap election is held in Germany.

YEAR 2021

Four simultaneous prison riots leave at least 62 people dead in Ecuador.

Four simultaneous prison riots leave at least 62 people dead in Ecuador.

YEAR 2020

Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old African-American citizen, is shot and murdered by three white men after visiting a house under construction while jogging...

Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old African-American citizen, is shot and murdered by three white men after visiting a house under construction while jogging at a neighborhood in Satilla Shores near Brunswick in Glynn County, Georgia.

YEAR 2019

Atlas Air Flight 3591, a Boeing 767 freighter, crashes into Trinity Bay near Anahuac, Texas, killing all three people on board.

Atlas Air Flight 3591, a Boeing 767 freighter, crashes into Trinity Bay near Anahuac, Texas, killing all three people on board.

YEAR 2018

Parliamentary elections are held in Djibouti.

Parliamentary elections are held in Djibouti.

YEAR 2017

The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army captures Al-Bab from ISIL.

The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army captures Al-Bab from ISIL.

YEAR 2012

A series of attacks across Iraq leave at least 83 killed and more than 250 injured.

A series of attacks across Iraq leave at least 83 killed and more than 250 injured.

YEAR 2010

Unknown criminals pour more than 2+1⁄2 million liters of diesel oil and other hydrocarbons into the river Lambro, in northern Italy, sparking an envir...

Unknown criminals pour more than 2+1⁄2 million liters of diesel oil and other hydrocarbons into the river Lambro, in northern Italy, sparking an environmental disaster.

YEAR 2008

A United States Air Force B-2 Spirit bomber crashes on Guam, marking the first operational loss of a B-2.

A United States Air Force B-2 Spirit bomber crashes on Guam, marking the first operational loss of a B-2.

YEAR 2008

The Japanese WINDS satellite is launched.

The Japanese WINDS satellite is launched.

YEAR 2007

A train derails on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, England, killing one person and injuring 88. This results in hundreds of points...

A train derails on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, England, killing one person and injuring 88. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents.

YEAR 2002

An Ariane 4 rocket is launched from the Guiana Space Centre carrying Intelsat 904.

An Ariane 4 rocket is launched from the Guiana Space Centre carrying Intelsat 904.

YEAR 1999

Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.

Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.

YEAR 1999

An avalanche buries the town of Galtür, Austria, killing 31.

An avalanche buries the town of Galtür, Austria, killing 31.

YEAR 1998

In the United States, tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42 people.

In the United States, tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42 people.

YEAR 1991

In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.

In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.

YEAR 1988

Saddam Hussein begins the Anfal genocide against Kurds and Assyrians in northern Iraq.

Saddam Hussein begins the Anfal genocide against Kurds and Assyrians in northern Iraq.

YEAR 1987

Supernova 1987a is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Supernova 1987a is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

YEAR 1983

The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Misso...

The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri.

YEAR 1981

In Spain, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

In Spain, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

YEAR 1980

Iran hostage crisis: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.

Iran hostage crisis: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages.

YEAR 1974

The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst.

The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst.

YEAR 1971

Operation Lam Son 719: South Vietnamese General Do Cao Tri was killed in a helicopter crash en route to taking control of the faltering campaign.

Operation Lam Son 719: South Vietnamese General Do Cao Tri was killed in a helicopter crash en route to taking control of the faltering campaign.

YEAR 1966

In Syria, Ba'ath Party member Salah Jadid leads an intra-party military coup that replaces the previous government of General Amin al-Hafiz, also a Ba...

In Syria, Ba'ath Party member Salah Jadid leads an intra-party military coup that replaces the previous government of General Amin al-Hafiz, also a Baathist.

YEAR 1958

Five-time Argentine Formula One champion Juan Manuel Fangio is kidnapped by rebels involved in the Cuban Revolution, on the eve of the Cuban Grand Pri...

Five-time Argentine Formula One champion Juan Manuel Fangio is kidnapped by rebels involved in the Cuban Revolution, on the eve of the Cuban Grand Prix. He was released the following day after the race.

YEAR 1954

The first mass inoculation of children against polio with the Salk vaccine begins in Pittsburgh.

The first mass inoculation of children against polio with the Salk vaccine begins in Pittsburgh.

YEAR 1950

General elections are held in the United Kingdom.

General elections are held in the United Kingdom.

YEAR 1947

International Organization for Standardization is founded.

International Organization for Standardization is founded.

YEAR 1945

American Airlines Flight 009 crashes near Rural Retreat, Virginia, killing 17.

American Airlines Flight 009 crashes near Rural Retreat, Virginia, killing 17.

YEAR 1945

World War II: The German town of Pforzheim is annihilated in a raid by 379 British bombers.

World War II: The German town of Pforzheim is annihilated in a raid by 379 British bombers.

YEAR 1945

World War II: Capitulation of German garrison in Poznań. The city is liberated by Soviet and Polish forces.

World War II: Capitulation of German garrison in Poznań. The city is liberated by Soviet and Polish forces.

YEAR 1945

World War II: The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, free all 2,147 captives of the Los Baños internment camp, in what General Colin Po...

World War II: The 11th Airborne Division, with Filipino guerrillas, free all 2,147 captives of the Los Baños internment camp, in what General Colin Powell later would refer to as "the textbook airborne operation for all ages and all armies".

YEAR 1945

World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined Filipino and American forces.

World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by combined Filipino and American forces.

YEAR 1945

World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed rais...

World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are photographed raising the American flag.

YEAR 1944

The Soviet Union begins the forced deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people from the North Caucasus to Central Asia.

The Soviet Union begins the forced deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people from the North Caucasus to Central Asia.

YEAR 1943

The Cavan Orphanage fire kills thirty-five girls and an elderly cook.

The Cavan Orphanage fire kills thirty-five girls and an elderly cook.

YEAR 1943

Greek Resistance: The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth is founded in Greece.

Greek Resistance: The United Panhellenic Organization of Youth is founded in Greece.

YEAR 1942

World War II: Japanese submarines fire artillery shells at the coastline near Santa Barbara, California.

World War II: Japanese submarines fire artillery shells at the coastline near Santa Barbara, California.

YEAR 1941

Plutonium is first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.

Plutonium is first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.

YEAR 1934

Leopold III becomes King of Belgium.

Leopold III becomes King of Belgium.

YEAR 1927

U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs a bill by Congress establishing the Federal Radio Commission (later replaced by the Federal Communications Commis...

U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs a bill by Congress establishing the Federal Radio Commission (later replaced by the Federal Communications Commission) which was to regulate the use of radio frequencies in the United States.

YEAR 1927

German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg writes a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli, in which he describes his uncertainty principle for...

German theoretical physicist Werner Heisenberg writes a letter to fellow physicist Wolfgang Pauli, in which he describes his uncertainty principle for the first time.

YEAR 1917

First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution (March 8 in the Gregorian calendar).

First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution (March 8 in the Gregorian calendar).

YEAR 1909

The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.

The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.

YEAR 1905

Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.

Chicago attorney Paul Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.

YEAR 1903

Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".

Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity".

YEAR 1900

Second Boer War: During the Battle of the Tugela Heights, the first British attempt to take Hart's Hill fails.

Second Boer War: During the Battle of the Tugela Heights, the first British attempt to take Hart's Hill fails.

YEAR 1898

Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing J'Accuse...!, a letter accusing the French government of antisemitism and wrongfully imprisoning Capt...

Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing J'Accuse...!, a letter accusing the French government of antisemitism and wrongfully imprisoning Captain Alfred Dreyfus.

YEAR 1887

The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.

The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.

YEAR 1886

Charles Martin Hall produced the first samples of aluminium from the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after several years of intensive work. He was as...

Charles Martin Hall produced the first samples of aluminium from the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after several years of intensive work. He was assisted in this project by his older sister, Julia Brainerd Hall.

YEAR 1885

Sino-French War: French Army gains an important victory in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of Vietnam.

Sino-French War: French Army gains an important victory in the Battle of Đồng Đăng in the Tonkin region of Vietnam.

YEAR 1883

Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law.

Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an anti-trust law.

YEAR 1870

Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.

Reconstruction Era: Post-U.S. Civil War military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.

YEAR 1861

President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.

President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.

YEAR 1854

The official independence of the Orange Free State, South Africa is declared.

The official independence of the Orange Free State, South Africa is declared.

YEAR 1847

Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio L...

Mexican–American War: Battle of Buena Vista: In Mexico, American troops under future president General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

YEAR 1836

Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas.

Texas Revolution: The Siege of the Alamo (prelude to the Battle of the Alamo) begins in San Antonio, Texas.

YEAR 1820

Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed and the conspirators arrested.

Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the British cabinet ministers is exposed and the conspirators arrested.

YEAR 1778

American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to help train the Continental Army.

American Revolutionary War: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, to help train the Continental Army.

YEAR 1763

Berbice slave uprising in Guyana: The first major slave revolt in South America.

Berbice slave uprising in Guyana: The first major slave revolt in South America.

YEAR 1725

J. S. Bach leads his Tafel-Music Shepherd Cantata for the birthday of Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels.

J. S. Bach leads his Tafel-Music Shepherd Cantata for the birthday of Christian, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels.

YEAR 1455

Traditionally the date of publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type.

Traditionally the date of publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western book printed with movable type.

YEAR 705

Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.

Empress Wu Zetian abdicates the throne, restoring the Tang dynasty.

YEAR 628

Khosrow II, Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown.

Khosrow II, Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown.

YEAR 532

Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.

Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a new Orthodox Christian basilica in Constantinople – the Hagia Sophia.

YEAR 303

Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.

Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution.