The United States Senate ratifies the United StatesâMexicoâCanada Agreement as a replacement for NAFTA.
The first impeachment of Donald Trump formally moves into its trial phase in the United States Senate.
Myanmar police open fire on a group of ethnic Rakhine protesters, killing seven and wounding twelve.
Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 crashes into a residential area near Manas International Airport in Kyrgyzstan, killing 39 people.
Thirty-three out of 126 freed hostages are injured and 23 killed in terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on a hotel and a nearby restaurant.
The Mali War begins when Tuareg militias start fighting the Malian government for independence.
Syrian civil war: The Movement for a Democratic Society (TEV-DEM) is established with the stated goal of re-organizing Syria along the lines of democratic confederalism.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.
The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.
War in Afghanistan: The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining members of the Taliban.
Second Congo War: Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards in Kinshasa.
US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the SpanishâAmerican War.
An avalanche hits the Icelandic village SĂșĂ°avĂk, destroying 25 homes and burying 26 people, 14 of whom died.
El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, Mexico ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives.
Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War.
Turkish Airlines Flight 158 crashes at Ankara EsenboÄa Airport in Ankara, Turkey, killing 47 and injuring 20.
Iranian Revolution: The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt.
Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before.
Space Race: Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform the first-ever docking of crewed spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk.
Austral LĂneas AĂ©reas Flight 205 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Astor Piazzolla International Airport in Mar del Plata, Argentina, killing 51.
World War II: Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called FĂŒhrerbunker.
The Holocaust: Nazi Germany begins deporting Jews from the ĆĂłdĆș Ghetto to CheĆmno extermination camp.
Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard.
The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in ÄœubochĆa.
The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France.
Nebraska becomes the 36th state to approve the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, Prohibition is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year lat...
Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan writes his first letter to G. H. Hardy at Cambridge, stating without proof various formulae involving integrals, infinite series, and continued fractions, beginning a long correspondence between the two as wel...
Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.
The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands.
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is enacted by Congress.
Russo-Turkish War (1877â78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
Hartley Colliery disaster: Two hundred and four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompting a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.
Westward expansion of the United States: John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.
Virginia enacts the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson.
American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
Forces of the Maratha Empire are defeated by the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Narela.
King Philip V of Spain promulgates the Nueva Planta decree of the Principality of Catalonia, abolishing the Catalan institutions and its legal system, being replaced by those of Castile, thus putting an end to Catalonia as separate state and becoming...
The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.
Reapers' War: The Junta de Braços (parliamentary assembly) of the Principality of Catalonia accepts the proposal of establishment of the Catalan Republic, under French protection.
The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried and found guilty of treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia, replacing the 264-year-old Grand Duchy of Moscow with the Tsardom of Russia.
Bigod's Rebellion, an armed insurrection attempting to resist the English Reformation, begins.
Saint Marcellus's flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea.
Basel Massacre: Dozens to hundreds of Jews were burned to death by Christians after being accused of causing the Black Death.
Edward I permits his mother Eleanor of Provence to expel the Jews from the towns Worcester, Marlborough, Cambridge and Gloucester.
Crusades: The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of CĂłrdoba.
Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.
General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of TeotihuacĂĄn.
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.
Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.