🔍
Go To:

On This Day

March 31

YEAR 2023

A historic tornado outbreak occurs in the American Midwest and South.

A historic tornado outbreak occurs in the American Midwest and South.

YEAR 2018

Start of the 2018 Armenian revolution.

Start of the 2018 Armenian revolution.

YEAR 2016

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Roscosmos cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko return to Earth after a yearlong mission at the International Space Station.

NASA astronaut Scott Kelly and Roscosmos cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko return to Earth after a yearlong mission at the International Space Station.

YEAR 2005

The dwarf planet Makemake is discovered by a team led by astronomer Michael E. Brown at the Palomar Observatory.

The dwarf planet Makemake is discovered by a team led by astronomer Michael E. Brown at the Palomar Observatory.

YEAR 2004

Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed.

Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed.

YEAR 1998

Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.

Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.

YEAR 1995

Selena is murdered by her fan club president Yolanda Saldívar at a Days Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas.

Selena is murdered by her fan club president Yolanda Saldívar at a Days Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas.

YEAR 1995

TAROM Flight 371, an Airbus A310-300, crashes near Balotesti, Romania, killing all 60 people on board.

TAROM Flight 371, an Airbus A310-300, crashes near Balotesti, Romania, killing all 60 people on board.

YEAR 1993

The Macao Basic Law is adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress of China to take effect December 20, 1999. Resumption by China of the Exercise...

The Macao Basic Law is adopted by the Eighth National People's Congress of China to take effect December 20, 1999. Resumption by China of the Exercise of Sovereignty over Macao

YEAR 1992

The USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.

The USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.

YEAR 1992

The Treaty of Federation is signed in Moscow.

The Treaty of Federation is signed in Moscow.

YEAR 1991

Georgian independence referendum: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union.

Georgian independence referendum: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union.

YEAR 1991

The Warsaw Pact formally disbands.

The Warsaw Pact formally disbands.

YEAR 1990

Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax.

Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax.

YEAR 1986

Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 crashes into the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range near the Mexican town of Maravatío, killing 167.

Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 crashes into the Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range near the Mexican town of Maravatío, killing 167.

YEAR 1980

The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owe...

The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owed to creditors.

YEAR 1970

Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.

Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.

YEAR 1968

American President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks to the nation of "Steps to Limit the War in Vietnam" in a television address. At the conclusion of his spe...

American President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks to the nation of "Steps to Limit the War in Vietnam" in a television address. At the conclusion of his speech, he announces: "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another...

YEAR 1966

The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon.

The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon.

YEAR 1966

The Labour Party under Harold Wilson wins the 1966 United Kingdom general election.

The Labour Party under Harold Wilson wins the 1966 United Kingdom general election.

YEAR 1964

Brazilian General Olímpio Mourão Filho orders his troops to move towards Rio de Janeiro, beginning the coup d'état and 21 years of military dictatorsh...

Brazilian General Olímpio Mourão Filho orders his troops to move towards Rio de Janeiro, beginning the coup d'état and 21 years of military dictatorship.

YEAR 1959

The 14th Dalai Lama crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.

The 14th Dalai Lama crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.

YEAR 1958

In the Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservatives, led by John Diefenbaker, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, wit...

In the Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservatives, led by John Diefenbaker, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265.

YEAR 1957

Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.

Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.

YEAR 1951

Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.

Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.

YEAR 1949

The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada.

The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada.

YEAR 1945

World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the American...

World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.

YEAR 1942

World War II: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.

World War II: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.

YEAR 1939

Events preceding World War II in Europe: Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain pledges British military support to the Second Polish Republic in the even...

Events preceding World War II in Europe: Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain pledges British military support to the Second Polish Republic in the event of an invasion by Nazi Germany.

YEAR 1933

The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.

The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.

YEAR 1931

A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Roc...

A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.

YEAR 1931

An earthquake in Nicaragua destroys Managua; killing 2,000.

An earthquake in Nicaragua destroys Managua; killing 2,000.

YEAR 1930

The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S...

The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.

YEAR 1921

The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.

The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.

YEAR 1918

Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Mus...

Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed.

YEAR 1918

Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.

Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.

YEAR 1917

According to the terms of the Treaty of the Danish West Indies, the islands become American possessions.

According to the terms of the Treaty of the Danish West Indies, the islands become American possessions.

YEAR 1913

The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Anton von Web...

The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Anton von Webern, causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the Skanda...

YEAR 1909

Serbia formally withdraws its opposition to Austro-Hungarian actions in the Bosnian Crisis.

Serbia formally withdraws its opposition to Austro-Hungarian actions in the Bosnian Crisis.

YEAR 1906

The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for col...

The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States.

YEAR 1905

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany declares his support for Moroccan independence in Tangier, beginning the First Moroccan Crisis.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany declares his support for Moroccan independence in Tangier, beginning the First Moroccan Crisis.

YEAR 1901

Rusalka by Antonín Dvořák premieres at the National Opera House in Prague.

Rusalka by Antonín Dvořák premieres at the National Opera House in Prague.

YEAR 1899

Philippine–American War: Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, is captured by American forces.

Philippine–American War: Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, is captured by American forces.

YEAR 1889

The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.

The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.

YEAR 1885

The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.

YEAR 1854

Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.

Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.

YEAR 1814

The Sixth Coalition occupies Paris after Napoleon's Grande Armée capitulates.

The Sixth Coalition occupies Paris after Napoleon's Grande Armée capitulates.

YEAR 1774

American Revolution: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act.

American Revolution: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act.

YEAR 1761

The 1761 Lisbon earthquake strikes off the Iberian Peninsula with an estimated magnitude of 8.5, six years after another quake destroyed the city.

The 1761 Lisbon earthquake strikes off the Iberian Peninsula with an estimated magnitude of 8.5, six years after another quake destroyed the city.

YEAR 1717

A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, preached in the presence of King George I of Great Britain...

A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, preached in the presence of King George I of Great Britain, provokes the Bangorian Controversy.

YEAR 1706

The last session of history of the Catalan Courts, the parliamentary body of the Principality of Catalonia, ends. Catalonia's constitutional modernisa...

The last session of history of the Catalan Courts, the parliamentary body of the Principality of Catalonia, ends. Catalonia's constitutional modernisation passed by the Courts aims to improve the guarantee of individual, political and economic rights...

YEAR 1657

The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines.

The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines.

YEAR 1521

Ferdinand Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to present-day Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic mass in the Philippines.

Ferdinand Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to present-day Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic mass in the Philippines.

YEAR 1492

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile sign the Edict of Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, ordering all Jews in their kingdoms to either con...

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile sign the Edict of Expulsion of the Jews from Spain, ordering all Jews in their kingdoms to either convert to Christianity or leave the country.

YEAR 1272

Pope Gregory X calls for a General Church Council to discuss reunion of Churches, Crusade to the Holy Land and Church reform.

Pope Gregory X calls for a General Church Council to discuss reunion of Churches, Crusade to the Holy Land and Church reform.

YEAR 1174

A conspiracy against Saladin, aiming to restore the Fatimid Caliphate, is revealed in Cairo, involving senior figures of the former Fatimid regime and...

A conspiracy against Saladin, aiming to restore the Fatimid Caliphate, is revealed in Cairo, involving senior figures of the former Fatimid regime and the poet Umara al-Yamani. Modern historians doubt the extent and danger of the conspiracy reported...

YEAR 1146

Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the C...

Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.

YEAR 307

After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.

After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian.